Ian J. Deary, Alexander Weiss, and G. David Batty. Alexander disease is a type of leukodystrophy characterized by the destruction of the myelin sheath (the fatty covering that acts as an insulator around nerve fiber) and abnormal protein deposits known as Rosenthal fibers. On 31 December 2019, a cluster of cases of pneumonia of unknown aetiology was detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China [Reference Gralinski and Menachery 1].On 7 January 2020, the Chinese authorities identified and announced a novel type of coronavirus as the cause of the disease [].On 30 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the 2019-nCoV … The study presented in this paper was part of the PROMPT … Relevant sources for orphan disease prevalence data EMA/452415/2012 Rev. By Alex Broadbent. Schistosomiasis has been reported to cause a range of renal diseases. This is called juvenile form of Alexander Disease and is quite rare. Staphylococcus aureus is an important human pathogen that causes wide range of infectious conditions both in nosocomial and community settings. Designated condition Prevalence per 10,000 in the EU as accepted in the designation Prevalence sources at time of orphan designation Medicine Name EU Decision n. Product n. Active Substance McNally RJQ, Cairns DP , Eden OB, Kelsey AM , Taylor GM and Birch JM. High Prevalence of Infectious Diseases and Drug-Resistant Microorganisms in Asylum Seekers Admitted to Hospital; No Carbapenemase Producing Enterobacteriaceae until September 2015. Alex Perkins Associate Professor. Most cases of Alexander disease begin before age 2 … There is a paucity of data on the prevalence and correlates of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias in sub-Saharan Africa. The life span has profoundly increased for individuals with Down syndrome (DS), leading to a large, understudied population of middle-aged and older adults with DS. Title: Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites of the domestic, Author: Alexander Decker, Name: Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminth parasites of the … In majority of cases, Alexander Disease begins by the time a child reaches 2 years of age. Neurological diseases have high prevalence globally and most are untreatable. True Epidemiology can help solve a variety of today's health-related problems, ranging from smoking to youth violence. infantile form (63% of all cases) starts usually at the age of six months or within the first two years. Psychological Science in the Public Interest 2011 11: 2, 53-79 ... How Researchers in Differential Psychology and Chronic Disease Epidemiology Are Collaborating to Understand and Address … Alexander disease as a gain-of-function disorder of GFAP. Its incidence was first studied in Bahrain in 1980 using hospital-based data. The organism is well known for its ability to acquire resistance to various antibiotic classes. Infectious disease epidemiology Contact Information: 347 Galvin Life Science Center ... and statistical approaches to answer basic and applied research questions about the ecology and epidemiology of infectious diseases. Few estimates of HD epidemiology in the US exist: one study estimated 1989–1990 incidence and prevalence in a single US state as 0.3 and 1.9 per 100,000 person-years or persons; a recent study of … Reported prevalence rates for MS range from 3.5 per 100,000 to 513 per 100,000. Clinical description The clinical presentation depends on the subtype. This statistic is an example of a prevalence. Review Neglected Tropical Diseases of Oceania: Review of Their Prevalence, Distribution, and Opportunities for Control Kevin Kline1,2, James S. McCarthy3, Mark Pearson4, Alex Loukas4, Peter J. Hotez1,2* 1Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology & Microbiology, and National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States Despite global distribution, the proportion of patients who develop a progressive phenotype across different ILDs is not well known. By alex.berezow • Posted in Epidemiology, History & Philosophy of Science, Microbiology, Science, Science: The Softer Side, World Affairs • Tagged history, infectious disease Jul 20 2020 The Geopolitical Importance of the WHO Duration of this form is in most cases about 6 years. 2 Down syndrome is defined by trisomy of chromosome 21, the site of the amyloid precursor protein gene. (b) will probably go down during the emergency phase. The threat of emerging zoonoses to public health underscores the need to assess and share research on transmission patterns and infection dynamics openly, in real time. 11% of people over 65 and older in the United States have Alzheimer's disease. 2%, but this pooled prevalence varied according to the questionnaire used. The authors are internationally renowned experts in the field of infectious disease epidemiology. In an area affected by a disaster, the rate of diagnosis of diseases and conditions (a) will probably go up during the emergency phase. Know the causes, symptoms, treatment and life expectancy of Alexander Disease. A quarter of all mortality is attributable to CVD. When Alexander’s clinical symptoms were listed on GIDEON (Global Infectious Diseases and EpidemiOlogy Network , influenza ranked highest (41.2% probability) on the list of differential diagnoses. Alex Smolak is a Consultant with IDEG working on bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in MENA. Alexander disease is a rare genetic disorder that progressively damages the nervous system. Design, setting, participants, & measurements: In this cross-sectional study, 45° digital photos of the disc and macula … Two authors (Brayan Alexander Fonseca Martinez and Gustavo de Sousa e Silva) independently assessed the appropriateness of the methods according to the following criteria: (1) the interpretation of the measure of association estimated by the statistical method employed and (2) the statistical method used accordingly with the prevalence level. In younger patients, seizures, megalencephaly, developmental delay, and spasticity are usually present. Affected Populations. It is one of the most common degenerative cerebral diseases of infancy. Prevalence is useful to quantify the burden of a health outcome or disease in the population at a given point or period of time. By Alex Broadbent. The availability of epidemiological data relating to interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) has increased over recent years, but information on the prevalence and incidence of ILDs of different aetiologies remains limited. There was a trend for Cryptosporidium and Isospora species infections to be detected in late autumn and early winter. Sofanne J. Ravensbergen, Mariëtte Lokate, Darren Cornish, Eveline Kloeze, Alewijn Ott, Alex W. Friedrich, Rob van Hest, Onno W. Akkerman, Background Nutritional status is an often-overlooked component in infectious disease severity. About 500 cases have been reported since the disorder was first described in 1949 2) . What does ALEXANDER DISEASE mean? Protection of chickens against challenge with the variant virus responsible for Newcastle disease in 1984 by conventional vaccination. Alexander disease (AxD) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder characterized by white matter degeneration and formation of cytoplasmic inclusions. The editors come from different scientific backgrounds but have been devoted to research in infectious disease epidemiology for many years. Prevalence of Parkinson's disease and related disorders assessed by a door-to-door survey of inhabitants older than 65 years. Although there are no known prevalence estimates, the disease has been reported in both males and females and in various ethnic and racial groups. The prevalence of Alexander disease is unknown. [1] [2] Alexander disease is caused by mutations in the GFAP gene. While this condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion, most cases result from new mutations in the gene. [1] The symptoms of Alexander disease vary depending on the form of the condition (neonatal, infantile, juvenile, and adult). Research Areas. The prevalence of Alexander disease is unknown. Prevalence of the disease = True positives = (a+c) Total population a+b+c+d) Sensitivity vs. specificity Sensitivity and specificity are measures that assess the validity of diagnostic and screening tests. The Gram-positive pathogen is armed with battery of virulence factors that facilitate to establish infections in the hosts. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence and correlates of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias in rural Uganda. No racial, ethnic, geographic, or sex preference has been observed, nor is any expected given the de novo (new) nature of the mutations responsible for most cases. Individuals with factor VII deficiency can experience … The prevalence of Alexander disease is unknown. About 500 cases have been reported since the disorder was first described in 1949. Mutations in the GFAP gene cause Alexander disease. The GFAP gene provides instructions for making a protein called glial fibrillary acidic protein. This is called as infantile form of Alexander Disease. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious acute respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus. Review of Philosophy of Epidemiology, by Alexander Broadbent in SHPSC. Background Hirschsprung’s disease (HD) is a rare but important congenital pediatric disease of the colon, and its incidence varies widely between ethnic groups. The prevalence was higher in females than in males, with a female to male ratio of 2.42 (95% CI 2.37-2.48) with the Marrie definition and 2.36 (95% CI 2.30-2.42) with the CCDSS definition (Tables S4a and S4b). Epidemiology is concerned with the distribution and determinants of health and diseases, morbidity, injuries, disability and mortality in populations. Previously, AxD was classified either as infantile, juvenile or adult, based simply on age of onset. The authors are internationally renowned experts in the field of infectious disease epidemiology. Of the three patients with an autopsy-confirmed diagnosis, two had the severe form of infantile Alexander disease and one had the more protracted course of juvenile Alexander disease ( Table 1 ). Clotting factors are specialized proteins that are essential for the blood to clot normally. At that time, lack of population‐based studies was the norm and our conclusions were based on very limited evidence. Arch Neurol 1995;52:1017-22. http://www.theaudiopedia.com What is ALEXANDER DISEASE? The main objective of the journal is to set a forum for publication, education, and exchange of opinions, and to promote research and publications globally. disease-test categories. There are three events: Background Gout is a common inflammatory arthritis associated with adverse clinical outcomes. 1 in 40 individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish descent are carriers of Canavan disease. Monitoring Editor: Alexander Muacevic and John R Adler. The high prevalence of hypertension exacts a tremendous public health burden. In decreasing order of frequency, 3 forms of Alexander disease are recognized, based on age of onset: infantile, juvenile, and adult. Alexander disease is considered a gain-of-function disorder in the sense that the GFAP mutations produce consequences that differ dramatically from those caused by the absence of GFAP (for review, see Brenner et al., 2009).There are three observations that indicate that the primary effect of the GFAP mutations is a … 11 Page 5/29 . As it relates to the COVID-19 pandemic, an estimated 5% of these patients require admission to an ICU. A study done by Janmohamed et al. However, this is more often in the adult form.
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